Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. not object to Chamberlain's making the Germanic race (which means for him Celts, Teutons, and Slavs, the . Ohne ihn ging der Tag des Indoeuropers zu Ende. The immigration of strangers to the race was recurrently presented as the invasion of microbes and viruses into a healthy and sound body. Oktober 1923, quoted in Stackelberg, Roderick, Winkle, Sally, The Nazi Germany Sourcebook. Die vlkische Bewegung im wilhelminischen Kaiserreich. is to serve the Germanic race". 5 Athens represented, for Chamberlain, the beauty of ideas and the greatness of philosophy, which as such is not a very original idea. Samuel Beckett : Drama as philosophical endgame ? Mind, Jew. Johann Chapoutot. is a form of prolonged indictment against the Jews, depicted as a race full of hatred, longing for might and vengeance. He eventually settled in Dresden, Germany, after his Prussian tutor had filled his young mind with Teutonic tales of Germanic greatness. Ein Beitrag zur historischen, Athens represented, for Chamberlain, the beauty of ideas and the greatness of philosophy, which as such is not a very original idea. This book had already been published in 1850, but anonymously. To prove the excellence of Germanic blood, scientists and race specialists had argued, since the 1830s, that every light came from the North, and not from the East. . To prove the excellence of Germanic blood, scientists and race specialists had argued, since the 1830s, that every light came from the North, and not from the East. Greek and Roman antiquity play an essential part in his argumentation. Auswirkungen der Entjudaisierung Christi im 19. und zu Beginn des 20. Published in 1853-55, his Essay on the Inequality of Human Races was widely read, embellished, and publicized by many different kinds of writers. Like Hegel, Chamberlain praised the Greeks for inventing freedom and the key notion of personality: Over there, in Asia, in the East, no man had ever been a person. The Holocaust was the culmination of a number of factors over a number of years. , Munich, Franz Eher Verlag, Zentralverlag der NSDAP, 1926, 782p. Quote from vol. Doch nicht etwa der fleissige Konversationslexikonsredakteuyr Plinius?, in Chamberlain, op. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Houston-Stewart-Chamberlain, The Official Site of Houston Stewart Chamberlain, The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century, The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century. Houston Stewart Chamberlain, who spoke fluent German, belonged from then on to the sanctum of Germano-maniac racism, a group of worshippers who had gathered around Richard Wagner: Wagner, the bard of a reinvented Germanic mythology, who celebrated heroic figures of oneiric purity and had a slight tendency of considering that his agethe 19, centurywas leading white Germanic mankind towards decadence, degeneration and death. This essay introduces a textual primary source in the form of Anti-Semitic and Judeophobic excerpts from the book Foundations of the Nineteenth Century Volume 1 written by Houston Stewart Chamberlain in Germany during the late 19th century and was first published in 1899. 325-363. In very ancient times, Germanic tribes had come from the north to colonize the south. The Teutonic warrior is therefore celebrated by Chamberlains book with the same resonating fury as Wagners operas: Ohne ihn ging der Tag des Indoeuropers zu Ende. Was sagt man zu einer Geschichte, die mehr als 1200 Jahre umfasst, und nicht einen einzigen Philosophen aufweist, ja, nicht einmal das kleinste Philosphchen? 12In the end, Rome triumphed. He also had quite a vast cultural knowledge for a self-made man. Rome was destroyed by the Jews because it had not protected the purity of its race and because it was never able to lead a proper racial war: a total war of annihilation. (). They were never able to create a unified Hellenic state and, instead, spent centuries launching fratricide wars against each other, only to exhaust the race in endless massacres of the Athenians by the Spartans and vice versa, until it bled to death. These people are too stupid to think for themselves28. Schemann, Ludwig, Die Rasse in den GeisteswissenschaftenBand II: Hauptepochen und Hauptvlker der Geschichte in ihrer Stellung zur Rasse, Munich, Lehmanns Verlag, 1930. Der Grieche war von jeher, was er noch heute ist, untreu, unpatriotisch, eigenschtig, Demandt, Alexander, Politische Aspekte im Alexanderbild der Neuzeit. Chamberlain saw in Hitler the new William II who could save Germany, as he wrote to him in a moving letter in the form of an accolade from the old philosopher of the race to the young racist politician. What then could possibly have happened? Indeed, I would also describe you as the opposite of a politician, in the commonly accepted sense of the word, for the essence of all politics is membership of a party, whereas with you all parties disappear, consumed by the heat of your love for the fatherland.26. , New York, Columbia University Press, 1981, 565p. , Munich, Bruckmann, 1899, 1031p. (2 volumes). Now I believe I understand that it is precisely this that characterizes and defines your being: the true awakener is at the same time the bestower of peace, Indeed, this encounter and interview left such an impression on Chamberlain that he considered Hitler as the epitome of many essential virtuessuch virtues as warmth, kindness and selflessness, all embodied by the, Sie sind ja gar nicht, wie Sie mir geschildert worden sind, ein Fanatiker, vielmehr mchte ich Si. If only those elites would come to that same awareness, they would crush any opposition and rule the world for good. 8 Demandt, Alexander, Politische Aspekte im Alexanderbild der Neuzeit. The self-taught student had found his philosophical stone and was ready to share his revelation, to the public. Hitler and Goebbels got the chance to pay him another visit, in May 1926, just before he passed away. 16 Das Rassen- und Nationalittlose Vlkerchaos des sptrmischen Imperiums, Ibid., p.371. 6But what was to be said about Rome? Chamberlain scorned this racial chaos of the late Roman Empire, which destroyed any racial and national principle16this chaos of peoples of the decadent Roman Empire being a capital sin against nature17. He reciprocated by paying a tribute to Chamberlain in, . These people are too stupid to think for themselves, . with the celestial intelligence and inspiration of the Greeks. In that respect, he is not being entirely fair to the author. Enqute sur la gense de lhistoire de lart, Paris, PUF, Perspectives Germaniques, 2000. Those three cities had been, throughout the 19. century, the epitome of Western culture: the Greeks had bequeathed philosophy and the arts, the Romans the Law and the Empire, and Jerusalem had opened a new path to salvation with the teachings of Jesus Christ. While their cousins who had stayed in the north still ate raw meat and lived in caverns, the Germans of the Souththat is to say, the Greeks and the Romansate healthy food and created civilisation. ). After attending a, in Versailles and a boarding school in Cheltenham, he visited destination spas and various health resortshe did not have a very sound constitutionwith his chaperon and a tutor. Since he and Hider were very close friends and he married Wagner's daughter, one can imagine the mutually satisfactory con-versations that must have taken place among them on the subject of race. (Houston Stewart Chamberlain, 1855 9 9 ~ 1927 1 9 ) , , . Having learned, from a very young age, at least two foreign languages, he almost wrote better in French and in German than he did in English. Chamberlain devotes some 500 pagesnearly half the bookto that period, providing his reader with ample material on Rome, Greece and the Jews as well as on another sacrosanct trinity: Athens, Rome and Jerusalem. The edict of Caracalla in 212 was the beginning of the end: the Romans were to die of a slow death, all victims of this blood disease, after having mixed their blood with Arabs, Africans and Jews. Thanks to this book, and because he was someone who mattered in Bayreuth, Chamberlain later became a very important mediator in the formulation of the Nazi ideology, before he died in 1927. Dans sa dmonstration, lantiquit grco-romaine tient une place essentielle. Es hat meine Gedanken beschftigt, wieso gerade Sie, der Sie in so seltenem Grade ein Erwecker der Seelen aus Schlaf und Schlendrian sind, mir einen so langen erquickenden Schlaf neulich schenkten, wie ich einen hnlichen nicht erlebt habe seit dem verhngnisvollen Augusttag 1914, wo das tckische Leiden mich befiel. CHAMBERLAIN, HOUSTON STEWART(1855-1927) Houston Stewart Chamberlain, the Anglo-German race theorist and philosophical and historical writer, was born in Southsea, near Portsmouth, England. For many people in the 19th century, it was a vital question19: many Christian racists of the period could not bear the idea of their Messiah being a Jew. Literature. There are links between the Hindus of India and the Germans hence the inverted swastika of the nazis. cit., p.50. As a tribute to Chamberlain, and in the similar style of his book, Alfred Rosenberg, the chief ideologist of the Nazi party, entitled his own work, The Myth of the 20th Centurya book which was meant to be, with Mein Kampf, the gospel of Nazism. """Na taj nain pripremljeno je tlo za novu rasu nadovjeka"", . Houston Stewart Chamberlain was a social Darwinist and a true racist. Houston Stewart Chamberlain. This is summed up by Chamberlain who, contrary to Hegel who wrote Ex oriente lux, pretends that Ex septentrione lux: the beacon of civilization lies in the north with the white Germanic race. ner'sson-in-lawand chief disciple was Houston Stewart Chamberlain. 10, p.296, in the English translation by MURPHY, James, London, Hurst and Blackett, 1939, vol. Chamberlain chose to revisit this holy triangle through the vlkisch perspective. Es war hohe Zeit, dass der Retter erschien, 1941-1944. If Greece had fathered the spirit, Rome had mastered the organisation. () Where are the roman scientists? The Europe the Romans had ambitioned was saved by a racial messiah: the Germanic tribes which, by invading the Empire, preserved the continent and its civilization. 21From the Foundations of the 19th to the Myth of the 20th Century, the vision of antiquity remained the same: a Germanic golden age in Greece and Rome which was scattered and shattered by the Jews. What mattered to them was biology and race, not the law or a mere artificial citizenship. He could have been a typical character from A Room with a View; he who could not embrace the military career his father had ambitioned for him and went on travelling instead. If you read the book carefully, the notion of plague as a potential threat is omnipresent. In fact, I would call you the complete opposite of a fanatic. Rauschning, Hermann, Gesprche mit Hitler, Wien, Zrich, New York, Europa Verlag, 1940. The Superior Aryan Race . The fanatic inflames the mind, you warm the heart. Houston Stewart Chamberlain (; 9 September 1855 - 9 January 1927) was a British-German philosopher who wrote works about political philosophy and natural science. He spent his winters in Cannes and springs in Florence. Chamberlain addresses a most respected and dear Herr Hitler, the only one who could give him strength and peace, confidence and energy, everything that he had lost in August 1914, when Germany entered a fateful war: Es hat meine Gedanken beschftigt, wieso gerade Sie, der Sie in so seltenem Grade ein Erwecker de, I have been wondering why it was you of all people, you who are so extraordinary in awakening people from sleep and humdrum routines, who recently gave me a longer and more refreshing sleep than I have experienced since that fateful day in August 1914 when I was first struck down by this insidious sickness. Educated at Versailles, Geneva, and Vienna, Chamberlain became an admirer of Richard Wagner, publishing his first work, Notes sur Lohengrin (Notes on Lohengrin), in 1892. This idea allowed Chamberlain to combine both his vast amount of knowledge in history as well as in the humanities, in general. 11For Chamberlain, the victory of the Carthaginians over the Romans would have been a catastrophe: We have been saved by the brutal delenda est Carthago of Cato and the likes. Houston had an enthusiasm towards superiority of the "Teutonic" race, a category that he used synonymously with "Aryan" and "Germanic." because of Houston's beliefs, he soon became a well-known writer for his articles on . He was, for the Germans, the thinker who popularized Gobineaus ideas on the social Darwinists, providing the German bourgeoisie with a sense of its mission: am deutschen wesen soll die welt genesenthe German essence must heal the world. Furthermore, his belonging to the Wagner family was a letter of credit and a sign of distinction in the small but growing world of the far right movements. 4 Field, Geoffrey G., Evangelist of Race.The Germanic Vision of Houston Stewart Chamberlain, New Yor ; 5 Chamberlain, Houston Stewart, Die Grundlagen des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts, Munich, Bruckmann, 1899, ; 2 A passionate and self-educated man, Houston Stewart Chamberlain studied and read a lot, eager to explore many different fields at once: history, philosophy or the natural sciences. In 1899 he published Die Grundlagen des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts (The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century, 2 vol., 1911), a broad but biased analysis of European culture, in which he claimed that the Western Aryan peoples have been responsible for the greatness and creativity of Europe, and that the Jewish influence has been primarily negative. devotion baptism . , Mnchen, C.H. While the Greeks had given Europe a soul, the Romans were busy shaping the body: the, , the legions. (). The Jews are a case in point; if a man possesses a sacred book, which contains all wisdom, then all further investigation is as superfluous as it is sinful: the . It was not really a success, mainly because Hitler did not agree with Chamberlains glorification of Christian culture; but also because he believed that Christ was a mixed-blood; he who was born, according to the Fhrer, from a Roman soldier and a Palestinian prostitute named Mary, : You cannot make an Aryan out of Jesus that is nonsense. Chamberlain scorned this racial chaos of the late Roman Empire, which destroyed any racial and national principle, this chaos of peoples of the decadent Roman Empire being a capital sin against nature. 23 Chamberlain, Houston Stewart, The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century: A Translation from the German by John Lees, vol. The Jews of Semitic Carthage were defeated because the Romans (or Germans) were the best at fighting and winning. , the vision of antiquity remained the same: a Germanic golden age in Greece and Rome which was scattered and shattered by the Jews. Still, the Greeks were far from perfect. Hitler saw in Christianity a lethal plague that had affected Europe because of the Jews who made Christians out of Germans to weaken them. In it, he provides his readership with a new approach to Western history in relation to the question of race and the necessary rise of Germanic power. During ancient times, the Germans ruled over their conception of the world and could therefore explore and organize it: the science of the Greeks helped understand the cosmos, while the legions and the laws of the Romans imposed the Nordic order to the world. Der Fanatiker will berreden, Sie wollen berzeugen, nur berzeugen, und darum gelingt es Ihnen auch; ja, ich mchte Sie ebenfalls fr das Gegenteil eines Politikers dieses Wort im landlufigen Sinne aufgefat erklren, denn die Asche aller Politik ist die Parteiangehrigkeit, whrend bei Ihnen alle Parteien verschwinden, aufgezehrt von der Glut der Vaterlandsliebe. Greece has always gravitated around Asia, till Rome dragged it away, to the West. This is a draft section of a chapter in my forthcoming Ph.D., in which I explore the racial and theological theories of 19th-century German philosopher Houston Stewart Chamberlain. 2, John . No surprise there, because, according to him, Christ was also a German. Wagner, Richard, Das Judentum in der Musik, Leipzig, 1869. He became ill but was reinvigorated by a visit Adolf Hitler paid him in 1923. Greetings to you, spiritual father. Die Rasse in den GeisteswissenschaftenBand II: Hauptepochen und Hauptvlker der Geschichte in ihrer Stellung zur Rasse, The Nazi Germany Sourcebook. You stand by us when we are near despair. Die athenische Demokratie und die deutsche Althistorie bis 1945, Peter Lang, Bern, New York, 1986, 332p. 9 Decultot, Elisabeth, Johann Joachim Winckelmann. In the 1920s, he met Hitler. This book has the reputation of being hard, if not impossible, to read. As for Aristotle, he would not have been remembered in the same way had it not been for Plato. Core tenets of Hitler's worldview were that the primacy of race in determining historical developments, Aryan superiority (with the Aryans being the sole creators of culture), the Darwinian racial struggle, the need for eugenics policies, and the evils of racial mixing. Furthermore, his belonging to the Wagner family was a letter of credit and a sign of distinction in the small but growing world of the far right movements. From his anthropological research, . Chamberlain chose to revisit this holy triangle through the vlkisch perspective. Regrettably, a number of Chamberlain's most important works are still accessible only to those who know German, the language in which he did If only those elites would come to that same awareness, they would crush any opposition and rule the world for good. The self-taught student had found his philosophical stone and was ready to share his revelation4 to the public. Chamberlains later works included studies of Kant (1905) and Goethe (1912), various essays defending Germanys military efforts and aims during World War I, the autobiographical Lebenswege meines Denkens (1919; Paths of My Thought), and Rasse und Persnlichkeit (1925; Race and Personality). Jahrhundert, auf welches wir jetzt () mit Stolz und zu Hoffnungen berechtigt zurckblicken, niemals erlebt, Ibid., p.161. Houston Stewart Chamberlain was born in Southsea, England, on Sept. 9, 1855. Der Fanatiker erhitzt die Kpfe, Sie erwrmen die Herzen. Chamberlain saw in Hitler the new William II who could save Germany, as he wrote to him in a moving letter in the form of an accolade from the old philosopher of the race to the young racist politician.24 Chamberlain addresses a most respected and dear Herr Hitler, the only one who could give him strength and peace, confidence and energy, everything that he had lost in August 1914, when Germany entered a fateful war: I have been wondering why it was you of all people, you who are so extraordinary in awakening people from sleep and humdrum routines, who recently gave me a longer and more refreshing sleep than I have experienced since that fateful day in August 1914 when I was first struck down by this insidious sickness. The immigration of strangers to the race was recurrently presented as the invasion of microbes and viruses into a healthy and sound body. Bundesarchiv Bild 119-1600-06, Houston Stewart Chamberlain.jpg 367 599; 94 KB. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 2005. , New York, Columbia University Press, 1981. , Stuttgart, Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 1960. , London, Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 1962. , Munich, Franz Eher Verlag, Zentralverlag der NSDAP, 1926. , Wien, Zrich, New York, Europa Verlag, 1940. Two of his uncles were generals, and a third was a . . By way of mixture and integration, the Romans changed and gave birth to a breed of mongrels, giving out the Roman citizenship (civitas romana) to every free man on earth. Later, when the Jews rebelled in Palestine, under Vespasian and Titus, and then under Hadrian, they were beaten once again: There is a second roman, of overwhelming significance for world history: the. Field, Geoffrey G., Evangelist of Race. as sufficiently self-explanatory, despised Rosenbergs reflections which Goering himself went as far as to call a mere philosophical burp. An early Lord Haw-Haw of sorts who was even awarded the iron cross by Kaiser William II, not for fighting in the muddy trenches of the Somme, but for insulting London in vindictive articles. Sie haben Gewaltiges zu leisten vor sich, aber trotz Ihrer Willenskraft halte ich Sie nicht fr e, Resorting to antique concepts and quoting Goethe, Chamberlain celebrates Hitler as the creator of a, , the hero who fights against every sort of, : You know Goethe's distinction between force and force. In 1923, ten years before Adolf Hitler was appointed as Reich . , The Early Goebbels Diaries, 1925-1926, London, Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 1962. how quickly does holly grow. He also wrote numerous books on the theory of races, among which an important collection called, that earned him fame and glory in his later years, under the Third Reich. , Wien, Zrich, New York, Europa Verlag, 1940, p.51. , Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2003, 463p. And Weindling, Paul. He also had quite a vast cultural knowledge for a self-made man. He spent his winters in Cannes and springs in Florence. circular tooth thickness formula; toba catastrophe theory; raising baby ducks for beginners; medical emergency number belgium; louise belcher hat, baby. Chamberlain's most important . While the Greeks had given Europe a soul, the Romans were busy shaping the body: the Imperium, the jus romanum, the legions. Das Rassen- und Nationalittlose Vlkerchaos des sptrmischen Imperiums, In the end, Rome triumphed.

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