Florentia ("The Flourishing Town") was founded in 59 bce as a colony for soldiers of the armies of Rome and was laid out as a rectangular garrison town ( castrum) below the hilltop Etruscan town of Faesulae. 3. Renaissance Popes began the practice of selling them, in order to meet financial needs. Spiritual leaders (soldiers) to fight Protestantism: priests and teachers. The Florentine people feared the loss of liberty and respect for individuals that was the pride of their Republic. He eventually abdicated in favour of the new Italian king, Victor Emmanuel. What were key features of early civilizations. The phones, electricity, drains, roads, garbage collection and internet are now much better than they were then. Florence's position in the wool and silk industries relied on its reputation for qualitya tradition of craftsmanship that made discerning patrons of its merchants and financiers. Since the duke himself is no longer among the living, it's hard to ask him. The decorated parade floats recalled the lavish spectacle of processions in Florence. Some scholars, noting the lowered eyelids, suggest this portrait was painted posthumously from a death mask. She gave birth to a daughter, Elizabeth, but no sons. 1. 3.) A Frenchman who wrote the romance Gargantua andPanatagruel. Many banking families, for example, viewed the funding of altarpieces and chapels as a kind of penance for usury (moneylending at interest), which was condemned by the church but inherent to their profession. Florence Rome Venice Naples Milan. A Florentine who sculpted a series of exquisite biblical scenes for the bronze doors of the baptistry in Florence. Henry VIII appointed Thomas Cranmer as Archbishop of Canterbury. a. Worldliness: materialistic life of some Popes and higher clergy. With a balance between its leading merchant families, Florence was now ruled by its guilds, divided into seven major guilds and a number of minor ones. d. 1553: Edward died after a reign of only six years. 3. The murder of Giuliano shocked Florence, and a number of portraits were ordered for public display to serve both as memorials and as warnings to other plotters. A master might also give lesser commissions entirely over to his assistants, simply approving the work as meeting his standard. Locals devour lampredotto sarnies while glugging Chianti reds in hidden trattoria. Refused to deal with the question of indulgences. 1. Meaning rebirth or revival --- historical period of approximately 300 years marked by a revival in art, literature, and learning. For most of the fifteenth century, the Epiphany was celebrated in Florence with a great festival. c. Mary Tudor: the only child of Henry and Catherine of Aragon to survive. During the Middle Ages books had to be hand copied (time consuming and expensive) on parchment (goat skin). c. Much of the land was given to supporters of Henry---creating a "new nobility" personally loyal to him and his policies. 1. a Florentine humanist who had a number of patrons and followers in Rome. Portrayed everyday life and common people in his paintings. Official painter to the court of King Philip IV of Spain; also did many paintings of royalty. He attacked the Church as a religious and political institution. Leo was shortly followed by another Medici pope, Clement VII (152334). Jacopo del Sellaio, Italian, 1441/1442 - 1493, Saint John the Baptist, c. 1480, oil on panel, Samuel H. Kress Collection, 1939.1.283. There are normally 45 trains per day travelling from Milan to Florence and tickets for this journey start from 9.90 when you book in advance. A powerful banking family that gained power in Florence in the 15th century. The second and third journeys were to Milan, for Wolfgang to complete operas that had been commissioned there on the . c. Luther was asked if he would accept the decision of a Church Council. Investment in culture, including the patronage of artists and architects and the purchase of books and manuscripts, became a fundamental expression of the Medicis aristocratic way of life; it was continued by Cosimos son, Piero, and his grandson, Lorenzo (dubbed the Magnificent). Subjects like this one, taken from the writings of the ancient Roman author Livy, displayed the learning and sophistication of Renaissance patrons and were especially popular in domestic settings. Trenitalia Frecce operates a train from Milano Centrale to Firenze S.M.N. Lutheranism Spread to Norway, Sweden, and Denmark and it became the Established Church: in Norway and Sweden. b. Among them: Two bishops and Archbishop Cranmer (67 years old) were burned at the stake. 2. Additional Law: abolished all monasteries and the king seized all Church Land. a. Individualism: a desire for a direct relationship between the individual and God. Not as Protestant as Edward's advisors -- she wanted a strong national church that would unite the English People. Henry of Navarre (Huguenot leader) became king of France in 1589 (Henry IV). If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked. Florence and Rome. Departure to Venice. * Nepotism, Simony, and the Sale of Indulgences. You can land and immediately go to Florence. 1. The distance from Florence to Milan is 190 miles and many high-speed trains make the trip in just 1 hour and 40 minutes. d. It required the clergy to renounce worldly pleasures. Some direct flights also head to Rome Ciampino airport (CIA); it's approximately 30 minutes away from the city centre. 2. Locally, Florence also added neighbouring cities to its sphere of influence and obliged rival powersPisa, Siena, Pistoia, and Arezzoto become its allies. a. Early 1600's: Kepler proved Copernicus correct, but only mathematically. . Many of Milan's old monuments and buildings were destroyed during WWII and the new construction and modern architecture give Milan a sophisticated vibe. e. The Council also prepared an Index of Prohibited Books: a list of heretical books forbidden to Catholics. The battered and blood-stained walls of the city enclose several buildings that could be recognized in Rome, including the dome of the Pantheon and the drums of Castel Sant'Angelo. Wrote: Defense of the Seven Sacraments. 1. 1632: Galileo published his Dialogue on the Two Great Systems of the World. Michelangelo Buonarroti was born on 6 March 1475 in Caprese near Florence (Italy) where his father was the local magistrate. c. As a sculptor - he is best known for his Pieta, David, and Moses. He opposed the annulment of Henry and Catherine. Pre-reserved train tickets ensure a smooth, hassle-free trip. d. Sale of Indulgences: accepting money for church forgiveness of sins. You can find the schedule that is most convenient for you anytime, from the early morning until late in the evening. It recognized the King not the Pope as the head of the Church in England. Filippino Lippi, Italian, 1457 - 1504, Tobias and the Angel, c. 1475/1480, oil and tempera (?) However, in the summer of 1348 the Black Death struck, reducing the population by half. b. Stay in a nice B&B there for a few days. The half-round shape of this painting, called a lunette, was used most often over doorways. f. Calais: the last English possession in France was lost during her reign. He is famous for his Laughing Cavalier. The poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning, who is buried in Piazzale Donatello, the small English cemetery, noted that the city was cheap, tranquil, cheerful and beautiful. The Horne Museum, near Santa Croce, and the Stibbert Museum, in the north, are examples of houses and collections left by foreigners to their adopted city. 1527: Henry asked the Pope to annul his marriage to Catherine. Created a Theocracy in Geneva: regulated the lives and conduct of the citizens. b. d. Congregation: governed by a group of men called a Consistory. The Adoration of the Magi. I didn't find direct flights from Milan (MXP) to Florence (surprisingly), and the train is closer to four hours. Benefiting from the revival of trade that resulted from the Crusades, Italy had wealthy influential people who became patrons (supporters) of literature, art, and science. 3. To mark Lorenzo's coming of age in 1469, a joust was held. 2. c. She married Philip, son of Charles V and heir to the Spanish throne (her cousin). Enter or exit from Constitution Avenue or Madison Drive. As a result, Florentines developed a keen interest in their politics and became a community of civil servants available for public life, but the lack of continuity often provoked factional intrigues and alliances. We normally think of a Republic as a government where everyone votes for representatives who will represent their interests to the government (think of theUnited States pledge of allegiance: "and to the republic for which it stands"). Florence, Milan, Venice. Ever since Georgio Vasari's Lives of the Artists (1550, revised and enlarged 1568), the study of Renaissance art has been inextricably tied to the concept of patronage. Day 1 - Arrival in Milan. Botticelli's ethereal figures, defined by line rather than modeled with light and shadow, seem to float, their drapery billowing in graceful patterns. These artists often filled in at leading workshops when extra assistants were needed for important commissions. We are closed on December 25 and January 1. The people of ancient Rome were divided into two classes: wealthy, aristocratic patricians and poorer commoners called plebians. Devised pumps and canals: attempted to discover the scientific principle behind waves. The Medici were one of the longest lasting dynasties in history, ruling from the 13th to the 17th centuries. In this period, which we call the Early Renaissance, Florence is not a city in the unified country of Italy, as it is now. Many of the ceremonies and the organization of the Church were also the same as the Catholic Church. It was ruled by the powerful Medici Family who used their money to support artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. a. b. The National Gallery of Art serves the nation by welcoming all people to explore and experience art, creativity, and our shared humanity. Other details preserve a traditional, conservative religious outlook. Paintings of Tobias and his angelic guardian were likely commissioned as dedications to ensure a safe journey, or offer thanks for a safe return. a. Henry VIII came to the English Throne in 1509. a. a. Some of them were the Metallii, the Cornelii, the Claudii, the Valerii. b. b. Rome is only two hours away from Florence by train, which you can catch at the Santa Maria Novella station and that will lead you to the Roma Termini train station, basically in the center. 1 / 20. Other significant guilds included wool merchants, bankers, masons, builders, sculptors, lawyers and solicitors, Doctors and Apothecaries. 1550: Calvinism had spread,but had not become dominant in all areas. While he never accepted public office, his faction dominated the city. Henry converted to Catholicism: political com promise to gain control of Paris. This madonna is modeled after one by Leonardo; in fact, the painting was once thought to be an early work by Leonardo. Florence. 1.) 1. His plays employed a dramatic technique to probe historical events and human character. Essay by Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker, Posted 9 years ago. Direct link to michael.springmeyer's post why did they start bringi, Posted a year ago. Rearing horses in the background, for example, appear to reflect the colossal horses of the Dioscuri. He sent his son, Tobias, to a distant city to collect money he had deposited there, and hired a companion to accompany the youth.

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